a comprehensive view of history and historical geography of mannea

mannea is the most important state, which was established before median kingdom and ruled on vast part of northwestern iran for several centuries. manneaen were from hurrian race and language and probably entered the region about 1500 b.c. in their political life although they suffered many inva-sions from assyria and urartu, they kept their political and cultural independence and expended their power and realm in next period. in spite of this historical fact and available archaeological data, up to the present time no notable study about mannea has been conducted and therefore basic aspects of manneaen culture have remained unknown. the present study undertakes to accomplish this.